tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51094526933097711022024-03-05T03:42:56.274-08:00Criminal Defense in Travis & Williamson County, Texas: Fact and FictionTHE LAW OFFICES OF KEITH T. LAUERMAN: BOARD CERTIFIED BY THE TEXAS BOARD OF LEGAL SPECIALIZATION-Representing those accused of Murder, Manslaughter, Aggravated Assault, Robbery, Sex Crimes, Driving While Intoxicated, Theft, Drugs, Computer Crimes, and Environmental Defense.Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comBlogger73125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-53390209590425450822023-09-03T14:33:00.002-07:002023-09-03T14:33:23.079-07:00WHAT IS A CONSPIRACY?<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #783f04; color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: 16px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Criminal conspiracy refers to an agreement or partnership between two or more individuals to commit a criminal act or achieve a criminal objective. In essence, it involves people coming together to plan, organize, or coordinate unlawful activities. While the specifics of conspiracy laws can vary from one jurisdiction to another, the following key elements are typically required to establish a criminal conspiracy:</span></span></p><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: list-number 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #783f04; color: white; font-family: times;">Agreement: There must be a mutual understanding or agreement between two or more individuals to engage in criminal activity. This agreement can be explicit or implicit, but it must demonstrate a shared intent to commit a crime.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #783f04; color: white; font-family: times;">Criminal Intent: The individuals involved in the conspiracy must have the intent to carry out the illegal act. It is not enough for them to merely discuss or contemplate criminal activity; they must have a genuine intention to follow through with it.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #783f04; color: white; font-family: times;">Overt Act: In some jurisdictions, an overt act is required to further the conspiracy. An overt act is a specific action taken by one or more conspirators to advance the plan, even if the intended crime has not yet been completed. Not all jurisdictions require this element, and the specific requirements can vary.</span></p></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; text-align: justify; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="background-color: #783f04; color: white; font-family: times;">It's important to note that conspiracy charges can apply to a wide range of criminal activities, from drug trafficking and organized crime to white-collar crimes like fraud and embezzlement. Additionally, individuals involved in a conspiracy may be held criminally liable not only for the specific crimes they planned but also for any foreseeable crimes committed by co-conspirators in furtherance of the conspiracy.</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; text-align: justify; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="background-color: #783f04; color: white; font-family: times;">Conspiracy laws are intended to prevent and prosecute criminal enterprises, as they recognize that individuals working together to commit crimes can be particularly dangerous and disruptive to society. Penalties for conspiracy can vary widely based on the jurisdiction, the nature of the conspiracy, and the intended criminal activity but often involve significant criminal penalties if convicted.</span></p>Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-11165019173897680712023-08-21T09:59:00.000-07:002023-08-21T10:02:12.496-07:00WHAT IS THE RICO STATUTE?<p><span style="background-color: #783f04; font-family: times; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: white;">The RICO statute refers to the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, which is a United States federal law passed in 1970. RICO was designed to combat organized crime and to provide legal tools for prosecuting individuals and groups involved in various types of criminal enterprises, including racketeering, money laundering, bribery, and other illegal activities.</span></span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="background-color: #783f04; color: white; font-family: times;">Under the RICO statute, both individuals and organizations can be held accountable for participating in or managing criminal enterprises. The law allows for the prosecution of individuals who engage in a pattern of racketeering activity, which is defined as committing at least two specified criminal acts within a ten-year period. These criminal acts can include offenses such as bribery, fraud, money laundering, and other forms of illegal conduct.</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="background-color: #783f04; color: white; font-family: times;">One of the key features of RICO is that it allows for the prosecution of not only those who directly commit the criminal acts but also those who are part of a larger conspiracy or enterprise. This means that leaders, organizers, and even individuals who aid or abet criminal activities can be held responsible under RICO.</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="background-color: #783f04; color: white; font-family: times;">RICO also provides for both civil and criminal penalties. In criminal cases, individuals found guilty of RICO violations can face substantial fines and lengthy prison sentences. In civil cases, RICO can be used to seek damages from individuals or organizations that have been involved in criminal enterprises.</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="background-color: #783f04; color: white; font-family: times;">The RICO statute has been used in a wide range of cases, from prosecuting organized crime syndicates to addressing corruption in various industries. It has also been the subject of legal debate and interpretation over the years. While RICO was initially created to combat organized crime, it has been applied in various contexts beyond its original intent.</span></p>Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-33423153136105558342023-08-05T12:30:00.001-07:002023-08-21T10:02:34.669-07:00<p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;">WHAT ARE ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES?</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Environmental crimes, also known as eco-crimes or green crimes, are illegal activities that cause significant harm to the environment and violate environmental laws and regulations. These crimes can have severe consequences for ecosystems, human health, and the planet as a whole. Some of the common types of environmental crimes include:</span></p><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: list-number 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: none; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Illegal waste dumping: This includes disposing of hazardous waste or toxic substances in unauthorized locations, such as rivers, forests, or abandoned sites, instead of proper waste disposal facilities. </span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Illegal wildlife trafficking: The illegal trade of endangered or protected species, their parts, or products made from them. This can involve live animals, animal parts, or products like ivory, rhino horns, or exotic pets.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Deforestation: Unauthorized or illegal clearing of forests and woodlands, often for logging, agriculture, or development purposes, leading to loss of biodiversity and contributing to climate change.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Pollution: Releasing pollutants, such as chemicals, sewage, or oil spills, into the air, water, or soil, causing harm to ecosystems, wildlife, and human health.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Illegal fishing: Unregulated fishing practices, overfishing, or fishing in protected areas, which can deplete fish populations and damage marine ecosystems.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Poaching: Illegal hunting of protected or endangered species, often for their valuable body parts or for illicit trade.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Emission violations: Breaking emissions standards and regulations, leading to increased air pollution and contributing to climate change.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Illegal trade in ozone-depleting substances: Trafficking or use of substances that contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Water pollution: Contaminating water bodies with chemicals, sewage, or other harmful substances, affecting aquatic life and drinking water sources.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Land degradation: Activities that lead to soil erosion, desertification, or other forms of land degradation, harming ecosystems and agricultural productivity.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Industrial pollution: Discharging pollutants or waste from industries without proper treatment or permits, causing environmental harm.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Illegal logging: Unlawful cutting of trees in protected areas or without proper permits, leading to deforestation and habitat destruction.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">Trafficking of hazardous substances: Illegally transporting or trading hazardous materials or substances, posing risks to human health and the environment.</span></p></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="background-color: #611111; color: white; font-family: georgia;">These crimes are taken seriously by governments and international organizations, and efforts are made to enforce environmental laws, hold perpetrators accountable, and protect the environment for current and future generations.</span></p><p><br /></p>Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-75272500075402961122023-07-30T09:46:00.001-07:002023-07-30T09:52:09.165-07:00<p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">BACK FROM COVID AFTER 3 YEARS!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">New Topics-New Year</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: large;">WHY DO SOME PEOPLE CONFESS TO SOMETHING THEY DIDN'T DO?</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;">People may confess to crimes they did not commit for various reasons, and it's a complex psychological phenomenon. Here are some common factors that contribute to false confessions:</span></p><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: list-number 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600;">Police Pressure and Interrogation Tactics:</span> Law enforcement officers may use aggressive or deceptive interrogation techniques that can lead to false confessions. These tactics can include lengthy interrogations, isolation, sleep deprivation, false promises of leniency, or even threats of harm.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600;">Voluntary False Confessions:</span> In some cases, individuals may confess to crimes they did not commit due to mental health issues, a desire for attention, or a need to protect someone else.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600;">Misperception of Evidence:</span> The accused may believe that the evidence against them is overwhelming, even if it is not true. They might think that the system will not believe their innocence and that confessing is the only way to minimize the potential consequences.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600;">Memory Issues:</span> Sometimes, false memories can be created through suggestion or other psychological processes. People may genuinely come to believe they committed a crime due to external influences, even though they didn't.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600;">Protecting Loved Ones:</span> In some cases, individuals may falsely confess to protect family members or close friends from being implicated in the crime.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600;">Desire to End the Stress:</span> Innocent individuals may confess simply to end a prolonged and distressing interrogation process, believing that the truth will eventually come to light.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600;">Limited Understanding of the Legal Process:</span> Some people, particularly vulnerable individuals or minors, may not fully comprehend the consequences of a confession and may trust that the system will ultimately recognize their innocence.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600;">Mental Health Factors:</span> Certain mental health conditions can impair an individual's ability to think clearly, leading them to confess to crimes they did not commit.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600;">Lack of Legal Representation:</span> Those without legal representation during questioning may be more susceptible to manipulation and pressure to confess.</span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><br /></span></p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600;">Publicity and Notoriety:</span> In high-profile cases, some individuals may confess falsely to gain attention, sympathy, or notoriety.</span></p></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130; color: white; font-family: times;">It's important to note that false confessions are a significant problem within the criminal justice system. They can lead to wrongful convictions and the real perpetrators escaping justice. Improved interrogation techniques, recording of interrogations, legal representation during questioning, and awareness about the causes of false confessions are some measures that can help reduce this issue.</span></p>Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-91879258102928512142020-12-06T20:02:00.009-08:002020-12-11T14:39:02.771-08:00<p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;"><b>SPECIAL EDITION-TRIAL DOGS, COVID AWARDS, AND ZOOM HEROES 2019-20</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">It's been quite a year for Justice in Travis County. With the changing of the guard at the District and County Attorney's office, in 2021 there will be changes. But before we plod forward, let's recognize the efforts from this past year. Some of these awards will be pre-covid, some after. The committee has spoken:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><b>ANTORCHA DE JUSTICIA AWARD</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Tom Weber (Posthumous)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Ira Davis (Posthumous)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><b>TRIAL DOGS 2019-20</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Ariel Payan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Russ Hunt</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Margaret Chen Kircher</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Steve Brand</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Victoria Winkeler</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Raymond Espersen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Richard Jennings</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Andrea Austin</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Victor Arana</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Leonard Martinez</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">William Browning</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Rob Shepherd</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Brian McConnell</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Kleon Andradis</span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">WORKHORSE AWARD</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Charles Popper</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Cheryl Hindera</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><b>COVID AWARDS [Crisis Management]</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Bradley Hargis -Technology Award</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">The Clerk's Office -Work Ethic Award</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">The Techshare Administrators - Information Technology Award</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><b>ZOOM AWARDS 2020</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">BEST QUOTES</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><i>"You're on mute!"</i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><i>"Please mute your mic!"</i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">BEST DRESSED ZOOMERS (at least from the waist up)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Andrea Jarero</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Rick Flores</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Cesar Rodriguez</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Deniz Kadirhan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Lisa McCormick</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">BEST DRESSED JUDGES</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">All of them. They all wore the same black robe.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">BEST ZOOMER BACKGROUNDS</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Delani Long-The fireplace kept us warm.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Bill Hines-From a boat? Whaa?</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3QgRsGcFI5Vycn2BvqKjG5OrP5hKZfE8Zq5nZvgoFxmVbF95FX-kfusGDZ1FdUkeOgENbVyTNZu1thi3MkGzGuHOXeDDz8eNHuURmZ_n2qu6UFnvwYenfybQPhAl2oUUavgRMz2YSKww/s1511/IMG_12171+%25282%2529.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1387" data-original-width="1511" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3QgRsGcFI5Vycn2BvqKjG5OrP5hKZfE8Zq5nZvgoFxmVbF95FX-kfusGDZ1FdUkeOgENbVyTNZu1thi3MkGzGuHOXeDDz8eNHuURmZ_n2qu6UFnvwYenfybQPhAl2oUUavgRMz2YSKww/s320/IMG_12171+%25282%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Nicolette Vaughn-Starbucks is a good place to do business.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">BEST HEADBOARDS WHILE ZOOMING IN BED</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">No, not going there.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">"CASTAWAY" AWARD</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Jodi Sims - Where's Wilson?</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6HjptcMY4HPeOYyLYrFbWDHnJBI-J6_9attBp-iQERh9wfWKGo2HR3IkgqFLv2S1FquKNDMegK_5F-uGd2urP5txtGZsgM5qFZEJZoKQ7YPGEI-zGJH6_3jComtPCn0tRCSZIckih9_4/s633/Resized_IMG_20081+%25282%2529.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><img border="0" data-original-height="633" data-original-width="582" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6HjptcMY4HPeOYyLYrFbWDHnJBI-J6_9attBp-iQERh9wfWKGo2HR3IkgqFLv2S1FquKNDMegK_5F-uGd2urP5txtGZsgM5qFZEJZoKQ7YPGEI-zGJH6_3jComtPCn0tRCSZIckih9_4/s320/Resized_IMG_20081+%25282%2529.jpeg" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">"OUT OF THIS WORLD" AWARD</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Johnny Urrutia - Houston, are you seeing this?</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzh0lq0a0DTrvK2tympQ1UhWCOmqA64zDqIzkYECkfUcrf_7j_JgHt6sUoX7dZC0yoQhLEwf9P-aMnFB6MRNz2ydK1UUVh2w2YT82hDHveIZIL-NTWXhtwGxTU9oSz9eJDz8b6_X2fV5I/s355/IMG_1893+%25282%2529.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><img border="0" data-original-height="239" data-original-width="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzh0lq0a0DTrvK2tympQ1UhWCOmqA64zDqIzkYECkfUcrf_7j_JgHt6sUoX7dZC0yoQhLEwf9P-aMnFB6MRNz2ydK1UUVh2w2YT82hDHveIZIL-NTWXhtwGxTU9oSz9eJDz8b6_X2fV5I/s320/IMG_1893+%25282%2529.jpeg" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">"ARROWHEAD" AWARD</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Amber Farrelly - I need this like a hole in the head.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijiPi98cKU_pZhi36KMItb_r0s2k6DSyihuzH82diBu2Bb0htMY5BJKT4XpavhQW3M8b2GO1PaX3qwNf0mpoS-2UBxMHY_TAhufJJuZoDIA5WuMewAtW_LJJWpv82hUsOyVSdEpPpqsGg/s436/IMG_5199+%25282%2529.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="332" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijiPi98cKU_pZhi36KMItb_r0s2k6DSyihuzH82diBu2Bb0htMY5BJKT4XpavhQW3M8b2GO1PaX3qwNf0mpoS-2UBxMHY_TAhufJJuZoDIA5WuMewAtW_LJJWpv82hUsOyVSdEpPpqsGg/s320/IMG_5199+%25282%2529.jpeg" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">"GHOST" award</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Samuel Rosen - Help from Beyond?</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPM5mPTHZhHudrvblPP5Lp094jBeCGFc0YKjQ8M7_5aVvi9jwzgYyJ_I5bPbsiL-RiLRPpnV14sh5B98EpKHrbQ-utX_bOOLSyr_sFUhoBpLTTaMKKEj4-0puH-jjPvEYDS0NAV_lNXTk/s412/IMG_1100+%25282%2529.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><img border="0" data-original-height="363" data-original-width="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPM5mPTHZhHudrvblPP5Lp094jBeCGFc0YKjQ8M7_5aVvi9jwzgYyJ_I5bPbsiL-RiLRPpnV14sh5B98EpKHrbQ-utX_bOOLSyr_sFUhoBpLTTaMKKEj4-0puH-jjPvEYDS0NAV_lNXTk/s320/IMG_1100+%25282%2529.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span><p><br /></p>Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-47955019954745801992019-04-01T13:08:00.000-07:002019-04-04T12:26:57.077-07:00TRIAL DOGS 2018: RECOGNITION AND ACCOLADESAFTER A LONG AND CONTENTIOUS DEBATE, THE COMMITTEE HAS FINALLY MADE THEIR CHOICES:<br />
<br />
<b>BEST QUOTE:</b><br />
<i>"My lawyer said I shouldn't say this, but I would never put my junk on her arm, I have herpes. That would be gross!" </i><br />
<i> --Defendant accused of Continuous Sexual Abuse</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<b>LA ANTORCHE DE JUSTICIA AWARD</b><br />
Ariel Payan and Darla Davis<br />
(3 Capital Murders <i>plus</i> in 2018)<br />
<br />
<b>LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD</b><br />
Elsie Craven<br />
Joe Taylor<br />
Polk Shelton<br />
Phil Campbell <br />
<br />
<b>NOTABLE TRIALS</b><br />
Rob Shepherd-Not Guilty (Murder)[CAPDS Lawyer]<br />
Brian Erskine-Not Guilty (Murder)[CAPDS Lawyer]<br />
Ariel Payan/Darla Davis-Not Guilty (Murder)[CAPDS Lawyers]<br />
Leonard Martinez-Not Guilty (Agg Sex Assaultof a Child)[CAPDS Lawyer]<br />
Ken Ervin/Doug O'Connell-Not Guilty (Excessive Force)<br />
<br />
<b>TRIAL DOGS</b><br />
Howard Jenkins (posthumous)<br />
Amanda McDaniel (posthumous)<br />
Patricia Cummings<br />
Jeremy Sylestine<br />
Victoria Winkler<br />
Robb Shepherd<br />
Ray Espersen<br />
Russ Hunt<br />
Charlie Baird<br />
Bill Browning<br />
Leonard Martinez<br />
Hector Del Toro <br />
Andrea Austin<br />
David Levingston<br />
<br />
<b>WORKHORSE AWARD</b><br />
Cheryl Hindera<br />
Michael Burke<br />
<br />
<b>RISING STARS</b><br />
Margaret Kercher<br />
Angelica Cogliano<br />
Amy Lefkowitz<br />
<br />
<b>BEST DRESSED MEN</b><br />
Jim Sawyer<br />
Todd Dudley<br />
Matt Campbell<br />
Victor Erbring<br />
Sidney Williams<br />
Ben Blackburn<br />
Ricardo Maldonado<br />
Lucio Del Toro<br />
Raphael Hernandez<br />
Novert Morales<br />
Marc Ranc<br />
Bob Phillips*<br />
<i>*Denotes Williamson County Lawyer</i><br />
<br />
<b>BEST SHOES</b><br />
Elizabeth Resendez<br />
Mary Ann Espiritu<br />
Stefanie Collins<br />
Monica Noyola<br />
Delani Long<br />
Makaela Cuellar<br />
Jessica Bernstein<br />
Jill Gately<br />
Deniz Kadirhan<br />
Eloisa Ontiveros<br />
Erika Hansen<br />
Melissa Moreno<br />
Brandy Gann<br />
Amy Meredith<br />
Neha Naik <br />
<br />
<b>BEST BOOTS</b>* (<i>new category</i>)<br />
Diana Buss<br />
Claire Carter<br />
Val Antonio <br />
<br />
<b>DEL VALLE INMATE VISITATION AWARD</b><br />
Charles Popper*<br />
<i>*Denotes multiple winner</i><br />
<br />
<b>BEST COFFEE</b><br />
Mag Court<br />
299th District Court<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-43543575890341028952019-03-21T22:59:00.000-07:002019-04-01T12:27:40.186-07:00YEAR IN REVIEW 2018-Trials and Other Assorted Fun<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The following is a summary of my trials of 2018. It was a grueling year with many challenges. I wish to thank all those who assisted, specifically, investigator Mark Gillespie and my co-counsels and second chairs. It was quite a memorable year.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TRIAL #1</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">State of Texas v. Tim Parlin</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Capital Murder</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">331st District Court</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Punishment Range: Automatic Life</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Co-counsel: Russ Hunt</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kathy-blair-murder-was-a-killer-filmed-on-his-way-to-committing-brutal-austin-texas-murder/" target="_blank">CLICK HERE to see this case on CBS 48 Hours</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TRIAL #2</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">State of Texas v. Robert Thomas</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon-Habitual</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">390th District Court</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Punishment Range: 25-99/Life</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Second Chair: Eloisa Ontiveros</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TRIAL #3</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">State of Texas v. Dustin Clark</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Aggravated Robbery x 3, Impersonating a Public servant, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity x 7</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">331st District Court</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Punishment Range: 5-99/Life</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Second Chair: Richard Collins</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TRIAL #4 & #5 (Mistrial and Trial)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">State of Texas v. David Diaz</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Murder-Habitual</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">427th District Court</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Punishment Range: 25-99/Life</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Second Chair: Raphael Hernandez</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TRIAL #6</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">State of Texas v. William Black</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Aggravated Sexual Assault-Habitual</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">450th District Court</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Punishment Range: 25-99/Life</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Second Chair: Todd Dudley</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-36687428981949340382017-12-27T15:39:00.000-08:002018-01-01T11:06:09.139-08:00TRIAL DOGS 2017: ACCOLADES AND RECOGNITIONAFTER LONG DELIBERATIONS AND CONTENTIOUS DEBATE, THE COMMITTEE FINALLY VOTED THE TRAVIS COUNTY AWARDS:<br />
<br />
BEST QUOTE:<br />
"Judge, Judge, a ruling in my favor would be worth my weight in gold...or should I say diamonds?"<br />
<i>--Pro Se Defendant in Federal Court accused of being a diamond thief </i><br />
<br />
TRIAL DOGS<br />
Amanda McDaniel (posthumous)<br />
Patricia Cummings<br />
Russ Hunt<br />
Jeff Senter <br />
Bill Browning<br />
Jackie Wood<br />
Ray Espersen<br />
Ariel Payan<br />
Darla Davis<br />
Steve Brittain<br />
Alan Williams<br />
Gerry Morris <br />
Mary Ann Espiritu<br />
Steve Brand <br />
Daniel Wannamaker<br />
<br />
LA ANTORCHE DE JUSTICIA AWARD<br />
Bill Hines<br />
(5 murder dismissals in 2 years)<br />
<br />
WORKHORSES OF THE YEAR<br />
Robert Smith*<br />
Jesus Salinas*<br />
Mike Burke*<br />
Charles Popper <br />
Elizabeth Resendez<br />
* denotes repeat winner<br />
<br />
BEST DRESSED MEN<br />
Marc Chavez<br />
Jeremy Sylestine<br />
Geoffrey Puryear<br />
Todd Dudley<br />
Novert Morales<br />
Ricardo Maldonado<br />
Russ Sablatura<br />
Lucio Del Toro<br />
Craig Moore<br />
Ben Blackburn<br />
Alex Conant<br />
Ben Castoreno<br />
Raphel Hernandez<br />
Steve Brand<br />
Marc Ranc <br />
<br />
BEST SHOES<br />
Chari Kelly<br />
Amy Meredith <br />
Elizabeth Resendez<br />
Jessica Bernstein<br />
Eloisa Ontiveros Garcia<br />
Sheila Merino<br />
Jana Ortega<br />
Monica Noyola<br />
Claire Carter<br />
Erika Hansen<br />
Jill Gately<br />
Andrea Austin<br />
Kellie Bailey<br />
McKinley Melancon<br />
Delani Long<br />
Michaela Cuellar<br />
Deniz Kadirhan <br />
<br />
SHERLOCK HOLMES INVESTIGATOR AWARD<br />
Mark Gillespie<br />
<br />
SPECIAL AWARDS<br />
Charles Popper-<i>Del Valle Visitation Award (repeat winner) </i><br />
Shane Brooks<i>-Comeback of the Year</i><br />
Margaret Chen Kerc<a class="gwt-Anchor" href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5109452693309771102#posts" role="treeitem" title="Posts"><span class="OAVLIQC-r-f"><span class="OAVLIQC-r-e"></span><span class="OAVLIQC-r-g" id="blog-tab-posts"></span><span class="OAVLIQC-r-b"></span></span></a>her<i>-Rising Star </i><br />
<br />
BEST COURTHOUSE COFFEE<br />
<i>(tied)</i><br />
299th District Court<br />
Magistrate Court<br />
<br />
NOTE: THE COMMITTEE IS A SECRET CABAL WHO MEETS IN SECRET IN AN UNDISCLOSED LOCATION WITH ENTRY ONLY BY SECRET HANDSHAKE.Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-8095590586653464932017-12-27T14:10:00.000-08:002017-12-27T14:31:14.928-08:00YEAR IN REVIEW 2017-Trials and Other Assorted FunIt's hard to declare whether a trial result is a "victory" or not.
Different factors such as the pretrial offer, overall exposure to
prison, and facts of the case usually dictate whether the effort in
preparation and performance in trial paid off. What follows are quick
summaries of the trials and the result. Many thanks to all those who helped.<br />
<br />
TRIAL #1<br />
Travis County 450th District Court <br />
Injury to a Disabled Person<br />
State of Texas v. Jonathan Price<br />
Length: 3 Days<br />
Second Chair: Richard Collins <br />
Penalty Range: 2-20 Years<br />
Result: Convicted 9 years TDC<br />
<br />
Defendant allegedly struck a blind man with a service dog at a bus stop. Defense was that the man did not appear disabled (the Defendant thought he was just a guy walking his dog) and the man did not meet the statutory definition of disabled. The jury instruction gave the affirmative defense but the court refused the lesser included.<br />
Pretrial Offer: 8<br />
<br />
TRIAL #2<br />
Travis County 390th District Court<br />
Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child<br />
State of Texas v. James Faglie<br />
Length: 5 Days<br />
Second Chair: Alex Calhoun <br />
Penalty Range: 25-99/life<br />
Result: Convicted 35 Years TDC<br />
<br />
Biological daughter made numerous allegations over several years. The state presented an additional witness to corroborate the behavior.<br />
Pretrial Offer: 40<br />
<br />
TRIAL #3<br />
Travis County 299th District Court -Bench Trial<br />
Agg Kidnapping/Agg Assault<br />
State of Texas v. Sayed Sadat<br />
Length: 3 Days<br />
Second Chair: none <br />
Penalty Range: 5-99/2-20<br />
Result: Convicted 30/20 years TDC<br />
<br />
Defendant attacked a social worker with a screwdriver on her face and bit her. Defendant was from Afghanistan and spoke Dari. There were communication challenges, but ultimately an interpreter spoke in his native tongue throughout the proceedings.<br />
Pretrial offer: 30/20 TDC<br />
<br />
TRIAL #4<br />
Travis County 331st District Court<br />
Driving While Intoxicated Enh Habitual<br />
State of Texas v. Raymond Young<br />
Length: 3 Days<br />
Second Chair: Val Antonio <br />
Penalty Range: 25-99/life <br />
Result: Convicted 10 years TDC<br />
<br />
Defendant arrested after an accident and other calls about a car with his description driving erratically. Witnesses put him behind wheel and Defendant appeared highly intoxicated.<br />
Pretrial offer: 2 TDC<br />
<br />
TRIAL #5<br />
Williamson County 368th District Court<br />
Aggravated Robbery Enh<br />
State of Texas v. Theo Demaree<br />
Length: 4 Days<br />
Second Chair: Todd Dudley <br />
Penalty Range: 25-99/life <br />
Result: Convicted 25 years TDC<br />
<br />
Defendant and girlfriend allegedly set up a prostitution deal via Plenty of Fish dating app and then robbed the crack-smoking victim.<br />
Pretrial offer: 30 TDC<br />
<br />
TRIAL #6<br />
Travis County 331st District Court<br />
Impersonating a Peace Officer/3x of Robbery (6 victims)<br />
7 counts of Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity<br />
State of Texas v. Dustin Clark<br />
Length: 4 days<br />
Second Chair: Richard Collins <br />
Penalty Range: 5-99/life each count<br />
Result: Mistrial on all counts<br />
<br />
Defendant accused of numerous robberies and impersonating a Peace Officer. The state had GPS evidence on the Defendant vehicle, Cell Phone records coinciding with the GPS, text messages between Defendant and co-defendants, and testimony from co-defendant as to identification and planning.<br />
Pretrial offer: 15 TDC<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-78327498833685696352016-12-18T23:17:00.002-08:002016-12-19T21:10:40.798-08:00REVERSED AND RENDERED ACQUITTED!! REVERSED AND RENDERED ACQUITTED!!<div style="text-align: justify;">
Two and 1/2 years ago, I represented, along with co-counsel <a href="https://www.defendingtexas.com/" target="_blank">Robert McCabe</a>, Mr. Rex Nisbett for the allegation of the murder of his wife, Vicki Lynn Nisbett. The trial took place in the 26th District Court in Williamson County, Texas, the same courtroom where Michael Morton was officially exonerated for killing his wife two and 1/2 years earlier after spending 25 years in prison. The murder of Ms. Nisbett was alleged to have been committed 22 years prior. The jury found Mr. Nisbett guilty and assessed him 42 years.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The case was reversed on December 15th, 2016 and Rex was un-convicted and acquitted by the 3rd Court of Appeals in Austin. One more step remains, and that depends on the State's willingness to appeal to the highest court, and for that court to decide whether to review the ruling.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Read the entire opinion <a href="http://www.search.txcourts.gov/SearchMedia.aspx?MediaVersionID=c6adddb1-b70a-498c-8674-93d857c7d53a&MediaID=e5b841a1-a1c7-44dd-a705-932e7c0612e7&coa=%22%20+%20this.CurrentWebState.CurrentCourt%20+%20@%22&DT=Opinion" target="_blank">HERE</a>.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The trial of Rex Nisbett should never have taken place. The foundation of the State's case was built on uncertainty of the cause of death (if it in fact happen), with an incoherent theory of Rex' involvement, and no solid basis to prosecute a case that sat dormant through the prior administrations of Ken Anderson and John Bradley. Neither of these prior District Attorneys were known for their timidity for prosecuting murder cases.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
I was appointed April 14, 2013 and continued as counsel until after the jury made their decision on June 12, 2014. Robert and I were discharged on June 26th, 2014 and <a href="http://www.txcrimapp.com/" target="_blank">Kristen Jernigan</a> was appointed appellate counsel.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Throughout the discovery phase of the trial, there was extensive research of the facts surrounding the disappearance of Ms. Nisbett by our team. Multiple interviews of witnesses took place both in person and by phone. The majority of the investigation was conducted by<a href="http://www.gillespieinvestigations.com/" target="_blank"> Mark Gillespie</a>. Interviews of the DNA specialists at the Texas Department of Safety, visual inspection of various carpet samples, and interviews with an individual who actually claimed to have seen Vicki after the alleged date of her disappearance were conducted. The case file was voluminous, limited by the technology of the time of the investigation.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The claimed evidence generally revolved around some small blood remnants on the carpet of the bedroom, a vague print near the light switch, and some odd behavior by Mr. Nisbett. However, none of these observations pointed to any cause of death, intent to cause death, or place of death. In other words, there was no evidence of any criminal act by Rex Nisbett.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Nevertheless, the prosecution went forward fueled from a promise by a new inexperienced District Attorney to prosecute "neglected cases". The prosecution went forward despite supposedly not having found the prosecution file from the previous administrations and claiming it had been "shredded" by the previous administration (my numerous calls to lawyers of the previous administration were met by firm denials that they ever would have done that). It went forward despite denials of existence of our requests for grand jury transcripts and other information which happened to turn up in an evidence bin at the Sheriff's office 5 days before trial (for strategic purposes we didn't ask for a continuance).</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The trial was an exercise in the lack of knowledge of the Rules of Evidence by the prosecution, an effort to undermine the presumption of innocence of the accused, and an effort to turn his right to silence against him. It was merely a political prosecution. The prosecutor would get her due in a <a href="http://kxan.com/investigative-story/wilco-da-jana-duty-sanctioned-by-state-bar/" target="_blank">different case</a> later.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In the end, the jury was worn out by deliberating overnight and starting their second day deadlocked at 7-5. Their deliberations went into the evening. After receiving encouragement by the Court to deliberate more, they found him guilty just before being sent to the hotel another night. Their reasoning for the verdict never made sense to me.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The Court of Appeals decided that there was no evidence that Rex Nisbett caused the death of Vicki Nisbett or there was the requisite mental state to determine that he intentionally or knowingly caused her death. These were the same arguments I had advanced in trial through my Motion for Directed Verdict. The conclusion of my motion read:<br />
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<![endif]--><span style="color: white;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> </span><span style="color: white;"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">In other
words, the circumstantial evidence, even if it supports an inference that Rex
Nisbett did something to Vicki Nisbett and that Vicki Nisbett died as a result
of that something, nonetheless wholly fails to prove the mens rea Rex
Nisbett possessed when he did that something to Vicki Nisbett was the mens
rea for murder, as opposed to some other mens rea, such as the mens
rea for manslaughter. The jury‘s finding in this case that Rex Nisbett, with the requisite
mens rea, committed an act clearly dangerous to human life that resulted
in Vicki Nisbett‘s death or intentionally or knowingly caused Vicki Nisbett‘s
death would be based on speculation and cannot support a finding of guilt
beyond a reasonable doubt.</span></i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> [Legal cites ommitted]</span></span></span><i><span style="color: white;"><span style="color: white;"> </span></span>
</i></blockquote>
<br />
I was relieved to see the Court of Appeals use much of the same case law and reasoning to arrive at their judgment, relying on <i>Stobaugh v. State</i>, <i>Megan Winfrey v. State</i>, and others.<br />
<br />
The case also presented some irony. Typically the State is organized to prove each element beyond a reasonable doubt. The case is organized through witnesses and documentary evidence to prove each and every element down to the intent, time, and location. The Defense on the other hand, often tries to distract away from the law, pulling at heart strings, exuding sympathy, and/or even fostering disdain for the law, <i>but always</i> concentrates on holding the state to their burden. However, in this case, it turned out to be <i>our</i> mission as the defense team to stay focused on the law and the State's burden of proving each and every element of the offense. In the end, the jury was swayed more by Rex' odd behavior than any evidence pointing to his guilt. The State could never decide what theory to push, whether it be choking, head injury, or some other theory because they simply did not have evidence of any of those that resulted in Ms. Nisbett's death. And even in the <a href="http://www.tdcaa.com/journal/no-body-no-murder-not-necessarily" target="_blank">State's explanation</a> of the case to this day, could they ever proffer anything but innuendo and guess work, all refuted by the Court's opinion.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
This case has dogged me for 2 and 1/2 years. And while it is over for me now, There is one more step for Rex. He is crossing his fingers that the Court of Criminal Appeals will not find flaws in the reasoning of the Court of Appeals. After that, this case will no doubt open up wounds for a family and healing for another. The only closure for all, will be to find out what really happened to Vicki Lynn Nisbett.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
See news reports<a href="http://kxan.com/2014/06/10/jury-deliberating-husbands-fate-decades-after-wife-disappeared/" target="_blank"> HERE</a> and <a href="http://kxan.com/2016/12/15/man-convicted-of-murdering-his-wife-will-be-set-free/" target="_blank">HERE</a>. </div>
Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-37176121550714140992016-04-13T16:51:00.003-07:002016-04-14T17:12:26.069-07:00TRIAL DOGS 2015: ACCOLADES AND RECOGNITION (BELATED EDITION)AFTER LONG DELIBERATIONS AND CONTENTIOUS DEBATE, THE COMMITTEE FINALLY VOTED THE TRAVIS COUNTY AWARDS:<br />
<br />
BEST QUOTE:<br />
<i>"I was laying in the field and the grackle said to me: What are you doing here?"</i><br />
<i> --Defendant testifying in a murder trial</i><br />
<br />
HUMANITARIAN AWARD:<br />
Elsie Craven<br />
Successful Asylum and Immigration Representation<br />
<br />
TRIAL DOGS (Travis):<br />
Jackie Wood<br />
Armando Pena<br />
Raymond Espersen<br />
Tom Flanagan/Steve Lee<br />
Skip Davis <br />
Mary Ann Espiritu Conejo/Joseph Aragon <br />
Russ Hunt<br />
Charlie Baird <br />
Ariel Payan<br />
Bill Browning<br />
<br />
LA ANTORCHA DE JUSTICIA AWARD<br />
(Defense Lawyer who prosecutors fear the most)<br />
Raymond Espersen <br />
<br />
WORKHORSES OF THE YEAR<br />
(Allows their employer to take those exotic vacations)<br />
Robert Smith-Law Offices of David Chambers<br />
Jesus Salinas-Law Office of Lusk & Evans<br />
Mike Burke-Peek & Toland <br />
<br />
BEST DRESSED MEN<br />
Ricardo Maldonado<br />
Novert Morales<br />
Sidney Williams<br />
Jeremy Sylestine <br />
Ben Blackburn<br />
Brad Urrutia<br />
Todd Dudley<br />
Lucio Del Toro<br />
Josh Reno<br />
Craig Moore<br />
Geoffrey Puryear <br />
<br />
BEST SHOES<br />
Julie Arocha <br />
Jessica Bernstein<br />
Jana Ortega<br />
Claire Carter<br />
Sheila Merino<br />
Kathy Erickson<br />
Eloisa Garcia<br />
Monica Flores<br />
Yvonne Patton<br />
Rory Perez<br />
Adam Reposa<br />
<br />
BEST INNOVATIONS IN THE PRACTICE OF LAW<br />
AMP web site (second year in a row)<br />
<br />
BEST BEARDS<br />
none (they are out of style)<br />
<br />
SHERLOCK HOLMES INVESTIGATOR AWARD<br />
Mark Gillespie <br />
<br />
SPECIAL AWARDS<br />
Charles Popper-<i>Del Valle Visitation Award (repeat winner)</i><br />
<br />
BEST SIDE BUSINESS<br />
Fire & Ice Pizza Bar (Round Rock)-Adam Reposa<br />
<br />
BEST COURTHOUSE COFFEE<br />
(tied)<br />
299th District Court<br />
147th District Court<br />
Magistrate Court<br />
427th District Court<br />
<br />
NOTE: THE COMMITTEE IS A SECRET CABAL WHO MEETS IN SECRET IN AN UNDISCLOSED LOCATION WITH ENTRY ONLY BY SECRET HANDSHAKE. <br />
<br />
<br />Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-47264410791852714912016-04-13T15:24:00.001-07:002016-04-13T17:36:19.296-07:00TRIALS 2016-QUARTERLY TRIAL REPORT2016 is shaping up to be one of the busiest trial years ever. With pending trials in both counties of my practice, I will be busy throughout the year. So far, a couple potential trials were resolved, but the schedule is still on fire. Here it is so far:<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>TRIAL #1</b><br />
Travis County 147th District Court<br />
Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child Enhanced<br />
State v. Lonnie Brewster<br />
Length: 2 Days<br />
Penalty Range: 15-99/Life<br />
Result: Busted panel on Voir Dire/Pled to 5 years TDC non-enhanced<br />
<br />
Father accused of Aggravated Sexual Assault of his daughter. Outcry made to ex-wife<br />
Rank: None given<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>TRIAL #2</b><br />
Travis County 450th District Court<br />
Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon/Felon in Possession of a Firearm Enhanced<br />
State v. Thomas Milton Buchanan<br />
Length: 3 Days<br />
Penalty Range: 5-99/Life<br />
Result: Convicted 50 years TDC<br />
<br />
Son held shotgun to mother's head after throwing her to floor. Mother had called 911 prior to this and the line was open which recorded entire incident. Mother fled to bathroom, crawled out window, fled to neighbor's house and called 911 again. Mom was 72 years old. SWAT standoff, robot broke door down, and client submitted peacefully. Defendant had history of mental illness and drug/alcohol abuse.<br />
Rank: None given<br />
<br />
<b>TRIAL #3</b><br />
Travis County 147th District Court<br />
Murder<br />
State v. Joseph F. Karr<br />
Length: 5 days<br />
Penalty Range: 5-99/Life<br />
Result: Life & $10,000.00 fine<br />
<br />
Boyfriend came to visit Austin with Southwest Airlines flight attendant girlfriend. After arriving on Tuesday and seeing the town, they went with friends out on Friday (Halloween). After returning home, an encounter happen in the kitchen which resulted in 37 fatal stab wounds to girlfriend. Boyfriend appropriated a vehicle without consent and eventually was apprehended in a neighboring county with the knife. Defendant had numerous wounds on his body.<br />
Rank: Well, 37 stab wounds makes it tough.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-66870743857911084652016-01-24T10:16:00.000-08:002016-01-24T10:16:25.847-08:00YEAR IN REVIEW 2015-TRIALS AND OTHER ASSORTED FUNCALM BEFORE THE STORM<br />
<br />
It's hard to declare whether a trial result is a "victory" or not. Different factors such as the pretrial offer, overall exposure to prison, and facts of the case usually dictate whether the effort in preparation and performance in trial paid off. What follows are quick summaries of the trials, the result, and where it ranks on the victory meter. Many thanks to all those who helped.<br />
<br />
2015 was not quite as active as 2014, but it started with two trials and then I had a break until December. 2016 may yet set the record. We'll see.<br />
<br />
<b>TRIAL #1</b><br />
Williamson County 26th District Court<br />
Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon, Serious Bodily Injury, Family Violence<br />
State v Everton Roxroy Bailey<br />
Length: 4 days<br />
Penalty Range: 5-99 Years<br />
Result: Conviction 37 Years<br />
<br />
The Defendant was convicted of pouring boiling water on his wife. The pretrial offer was 40 years, then 30. I was the third lawyer on the case.<br />
<i>Rank: Moderate Victory by the Prosecution</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<b>TRIAL #2</b><br />
Travis County 147th District Court<br />
Murder<br />
State v. George Delacruz<br />
Length: 8 days<br />
Penalty Range: 5-99 Years<br />
Result: Conviction Life<br />
<br />
The Defendant was convicted of killing his wife. There was no body of the wife ever found. After 8 days of testimony the jury convicted. There are several issues on appeal and the finality of the case will take some time.<br />
<i>Rank: Temporary Victory by the Prosecution</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<b>TRIAL #3</b><br />
Travis County County Court #4<br />
Assault Family Violence Stranglation<br />
State v. Romien Pierce<br />
Length: 3 days<br />
Penalty Range: 2-10 Years<br />
Result: Plea for Deferred Adjudication just prior to closing argument<br />
<br />
The Defendant was accused of strangling his then girlfriend. After various inconsistencies in the stories, the Defendant testifying, and some jury irregularities, the Defendant decided to accept the state's offer of Deferred. He had been in jail more than a year.<br />
<i>Rank: Moderate Victory by Defense</i><br />
<br />
2016 is already shaping up to be the year of the trial (topping 2014 if you can believe that!). I have 5 jury trials set from the first of February until mid April. I have been preparing for all of them and I will be ready. But I will also be ready for that vacation scheduled for this summer.Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-71806913779767250312015-10-23T16:56:00.000-07:002016-01-24T10:19:41.295-08:00LEGISLATIVE FOLLY It's tough as a criminal defense lawyer who defends the Constitution each and every day to understand how a legislature composed of legislators not versed in criminal law, can effectively come up with laws that affect the safety of every Texan. Every Texan wishes to live in the security of their own home, free from the intrusion of not only criminals, but of the government as well.<br />
<br />
This legislative session was no different. The legislature, devoid of people of criminal law experience, passed yet additional set of laws that do not make us safe nor secure.<br />
<br />
Take for example, Penal Code Section 43.26: Possession or Promotion of Child Pornography. Under the new revisions, primarily HB 2291, this change will actually <i>lower </i>the punishment range of repeat offenders who have been convicted of two prior offenses from 25-99 years (under the standard enhancements under Art. 12.42(d)), to 5-99 years under the controlling provisions of the new bill. In other words, the inexperienced ones in the legislature have given us less potential punishment for those persons keeping and peddling child pornography. What were they thinking. From the Defense angle, it gives more flexibility.<br />
<br />
Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-45912596982158089842015-01-31T13:25:00.002-08:002016-04-13T16:12:35.190-07:00TRIAL DOGS 2014: ACCOLADES AND RECOGNITIONAFTER LONG DELIBERATIONS AND CONTENTIOUS DEBATE, THE COMMITTEE FINALLY VOTED THE TRAVIS COUNTY AWARDS:<br />
<br />
BEST QUOTE OF 2014<br />
<br />
<i>"All we ever wanted was Vicki's body, but he [pointing at Defendant] won't tell us where she is! </i>Closing argument by Jana Duty in Williamson County cold case murder, commenting on the Defendant's right to silence.<br />
<br />
HUMANITARIAN OF THE YEAR AWARD<br />
Elsie Craven<br />
2 successful Hearings in obtaining political asylum <br />
<br />
TRIAL DOGS OF 2014<br />
[For those who went the distance.]<br />
<b>Brad Urrutia*-7 Felony Jury Trials</b><br />
<b>Jackie Wood-6 Felony Jury Trials</b><br />
<b>Victoria Winkler-5 First Chair Felony Jury Trials/5 Second Chair Felony Trials</b><br />
<b>Marc Chavez*-5 First Chair Felony Jury Trials/2 Second Chair Jury Trials</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
HONORABLE MENTION<br />
Mindy Montford<br />
Russ Hunt<br />
<b><br /></b>
LA ANTORCHA DE JUSTICIA AWARD<br />
[Most Intimidating Defense Lawyer to Prosecutors]<br />
<b>Raymond Espersen</b><br />
<br />
BEST DRESSED MEN<br />
[Those who show style under fire.]<br />
Lucio Del Toro<br />
Novert Morales<br />
Russ Sablatura<br />
Ben Blackburn<br />
Todd Dudley<br />
Jeremy Sylestine<br />
Joe Fredrick<br />
Brad Urrutia <br />
<br />
WORK HORSE(S) OF THE YEAR<br />
[For those who enable their bosses to take those exotic vacations.]<br />
Robert Smith (Law Offices of David Chambers)<br />
Mike Burke* (Peek and Toland)<br />
Jesus Salinas (Law Office of Jon Evans)<br />
<br />
WORST DRESSED LAWYERS<br />
[Having trouble distinguishing lawyers and clients?]<br />
Anyone who wears baggy shirts, bluejeans, tennis shoes, clogs, or sandals in a court of law.<br />
<br />
BEST BEARDS<br />
Chris Baugh<br />
Mike Burke*<br />
Marc Chavez*<br />
<br />
BEST SHOES<br />
Jana Ortega<br />
Yvonne Patton<br />
McKinley Melancon<br />
Monica Flores<br />
Diana Buss<br />
Adam Reposa <br />
<br />
BEST INNOVATION TO PRACTICE LAW<br />
The AMP website (includes nearly everything you need to be a paperless office).<br />
<br />
MOST HYPOCRITICAL DEFENSE LAWYERS<br />
Those defense lawyers that judge other defense lawyers qualifications to be on CAPDS when they themselves couldn't qualify to be on the list(s)(Hey those on the Review Committee, you know who you are).<br />
<br />
BEST RESTROOM(S) IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE CENTER<br />
Public Restrooms on the second floor. They are roomy and have a chair to allow continued plea negotiations with prosecutors without interruption if necessary. <br />
<br />
SPECIAL AWARDS<br />
Charles Popper-The <i>Del Valle Visitation Award</i> for most frequent visitation of clients.<br />
[Repeat Winner]<br />
Steve Brand-<i>El</i> <i>Abogado Etico Award</i> for principled decisions in the face of adversity<i>.</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>*Denotes Multiple Winner</i><br />
<br />
The Committee is a highly secretive cabal and the process is classified.<br />
<br />
<b>NOTE: The author's Year In Review is in the post below</b><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-76088292612190766582014-12-06T16:19:00.002-08:002016-01-24T10:17:16.981-08:00YEAR IN REVIEW 2014-TRIALS & OTHER ASSORTED FUN<b>THE YEAR OF THE TRIAL</b><br />
<br />
This past eight months saw the most trials in such a short time I've had in my career. I have had eight (7) Felony jury trials in exactly seven months. Three (3) of those trials took place in Williamson County, four (4) in Travis County. Of those seven trials, five faced the maximum sentence of 99 years or life. Three of those were habitual, with a minimum of 25 years. Two Defendants faced a maximum of 10 years. <br />
<br />
It's hard to declare whether a trial result is a "victory" or not. Different factors such as the pretrial offer, overall exposure to prison, and facts of the case usually dictate whether the effort in preparation and performance in trial paid off. What follows are quick summaries of the trials, the result, and where it ranks on the victory meter. Many thanks to all those who helped.<br />
<br />
<b>TRIAL #1</b><br />
Williamson County 368th Districty Court<br />
Capital Murder<br />
State v Crispin Harmel<br />
Length: 8 days<br />
Penalty Range: Automatic Life<br />
Result: MISTRIAL <br />
<br />
This was the only trial this year that I did not conduct the jury selection. However, it was a pleasure to participate on the team with Ryan Deck (lead attorney) and Scott Magee. Filed as a Capital murder, it involved the allegation that the Defendant followed a young woman from a Walmart to her car and left with her. She was found the next morning in her car, deceased. However, witnesses had seen her out of car and alive the next morning prior to her being found lifeless. A mistrial was declared after it was found the prosecution did not supplement discovery with crucial information.<br />
<i>Rank: Temporary Victory for the Defense</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<b>TRIAL #2</b><br />
Williamson County 26th District Court<br />
Murder<br />
State v Rex Nisbett<br />
Length: 9 days<br />
Penalty Range: 5-99 Years/Life<br />
Result: CONVICTION 42 Years<br />
<br />
This trial was a 22 year cold case murder. There was no body in this case. The case involved DNA, testimony by witnesses recalling from years ago, and was comprised entirely on circumstantial evidence. There are certainly several issues for appeal. This will be a case that will continue to be watched and will certainly be of interest to all when the decision of the Appeals Court(s) rule.<br />
<i>Rank: Temporary Victory for the Prosecution</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<b>TRIAL #3</b><br />
Travis County 147th District Court<br />
Attempted Sexual Assault<br />
State v Christopher Frazier<br />
Penalty Range: 2-10 Years<br />
Length: 2 days<br />
Result: CONVICTION 4 Years<br />
<br />
This case was based on the allegation that Mr. Frazier attempted to sexually advance on a person in a truck in broad daylight without that person's consent while the partner was buying ice cream. The jury heard from three witnesses before deciding. The assessed penalty was agreed by the parties.<br />
<i>Rank: Moderate Victory for Prosecution</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<b>TRIAL #4</b><br />
Travis County 299th District Court<br />
Possession of a Controlled Substance (Habitual)<br />
State v Jonas Smith<br />
Penalty Range: 25-99 Years/Life<br />
Length: 2 days<br />
Result: NOT GUILTY<br />
<br />
Mr. Smith was arrested for assaulting his girlfriend with a knife. After transporting her to the emergency room, Mr. Smith was arrested for the assault and in the ensuing search of his person (on videotape), PCP was found on his person. After reviewing the videotape of his arrest and the finding of the drugs in his pocket, the jury acquitted him (I'm not kidding).<br />
<i>Rank: Incredible Victory for Defense</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<b>TRIAL #5</b><br />
Travis County County Court #4 (Felony Jurisdiction)<br />
Assault Family Violence Enhanced<br />
State v Christopher Porth<br />
Penalty Range: 2-10 Years<br />
Length: 4 Days<br />
Result: MISTRIAL<br />
<br />
The trial involved some allegations against Mr. Porth involving his girlfriend. After 2 days of testimony, the jury deadlocked 6-6. There was no chance of reconciliation amongst the jurors. The case was re-indicted on a First Degree. The case was resolved for back time on a lesser charge of a State Jail Felony. <br />
<i>Rank: Moderate Victory for the Defense</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<b>TRIAL #6</b><br />
Travis County 299th District Court<br />
Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon<br />
State v Jonas Smith<br />
Penalty Range: 25-99 Years/Life<br />
Length: 4 days<br />
Result: NOT GUILTY COUNT 1/GUILTY COUNT 2, MISTRIAL ON PUNISHMENT<br />
<br />
Mr. Smith was tried on the assault of his girlfriend with a knife. After considering the evidence including lengthy testimony on the injuries, the jury concluded he did this beyond a reasonable doubt. However, they could not agree on punishment. 11 jurors agreed on 37 years, 1 would not compromise from 36 (No, I'm not kidding). The case was resolved for 27 years.<br />
<i>Rank: Moderate Victory for the Defense</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<b>TRIAL #7</b><br />
Williamson County 277th District Court<br />
Aggravated Kidnapping, Assault Family Violence Enhanced x 2 (Habitual)<br />
State v Crispin Robledo<br />
Penalty Range: 25-99 Years/Life<br />
Length: 4 days<br />
Result: PLED GUILTY TO 1 COUNT OF ASSAULT FAMILY VIOLENCE ENHANCED 10 TDC<br />
<br />
The Defendant agreed to a sentence of 10 years. This trial featured some initial hurdles. But as the case progressed, it was clear the prosecution had a growing concern with witnesses and strategy. In the end, the jury may well have hung, but the result was clearly good for the client. There were too many unknowns for both sides.<br />
<i>Rank: Victory for the Defense</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
Other notable cases involved a swat standoff, various drug cases, and police pursuits. But 2015 will provide me plenty of trial experience as well. There will be two additional murder trials.<br />
<br />
It was a heck of a year, but the fun ain't over yet.Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-80932195832196869512014-07-31T12:54:00.001-07:002014-07-31T12:54:25.526-07:00VICTORIES: Some Clients Never See Them (Until Later)I like to go to trial. Like Walter White said in the finale of the series Breaking Bad, "I did it because I liked it. I was good at it."<br />
<br />
But trials are not about the lawyer. Trials are about what is best for the client/defendant. It is a rare mix of circumstances that send a client to trial: the innocence of the defendant; or the desire to extract a better resolution from strangers than a plea offer from the prosecutors; and the willingness to gamble in an imperfect system designed to seek justice based on unpredictable perceptions, beliefs, and biases.<br />
<br />
Trials are intense for all of the parties. The witnesses questioned by skilled lawyers, the lawyers who have to follow the rules which govern the procedure (unless the lawyers choose not to follow the rules), the victims who are wronged and sometimes traumatized, and the defendant who is unsure of his future and fate.<br />
<br />
But sometimes trial is not the best option. I plead a client to 10 years in prison this week 45 minutes before a jury was going to decide his fate on three felonies, all of which were enhanced to 25-99/life. At the moment that reality sets in for these clients and they take a deal, the fact that I would have made more money in trial dissipates and the realization that my advice spared him decades of his life behind bars makes it worth the effort.<br />
<br />
He probably won't realize the bullet he dodged until later, but only then will he recognize that he would be better off than the other option of dying in prison.Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-61315870177710068812014-01-09T21:05:00.001-08:002014-03-23T09:46:01.908-07:00TRIAL DOGS 2013: ACCOLADES AND RECOGNITIONAFTER LONG DELIBERATIONS AND CONTENTIOUS DEBATE, THE COMMITTEE FINALLY VOTED THE TRAVIS COUNTY AWARDS:<br />
<br />
BEST QUOTE OF 2013<br />
<br />
<i>"You better keep tabs on what you are saying little lady, you and that little roach man sitting next to you!"</i> -Defendant responding to cross-examination in his murder trial<br />
<br />
*Multiple Category Winners<br />
<br />
TRIAL DOGS OF 2013<br />
[For those who went the distance.]<br />
<b>Brad Urrutia-11 Felony Jury Trials</b><br />
<b>Ray Espersen-9 Felony Jury Trials</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
HONORABLE MENTION<br />
Russ Hunt<br />
Ariel Payan<br />
Jon Evans<br />
Charlie Baird<br />
<br />
BEST DRESSED MEN<br />
[Those who show style under fire.]<br />
Chris Baugh*<br />
Jim Sawyer<br />
Lucio Del Toro*<br />
Novert Morales<br />
Russ Sablatura<br />
Ben Blackburn<br />
Todd Dudley<br />
Mike Burke*<br />
Adam Reposa<br />
Cesar Rodriguez <br />
<br />
WORK HORSE(S) OF THE YEAR<br />
[For those who enable their bosses to take those exotic vacations.]<br />
Robert Smith (Law Offices of David Chambers)<br />
Mike Burke* (Peek and Toland)<br />
<br />
WORST DRESSED LAWYERS<br />
[Having trouble distinguishing lawyers and clients?]<br />
Anyone who wears bluejeans, tennis shoes, clogs, or sandals in a court of law.<br />
<br />
BEST NAME FOR A DEFENSE LAWYER<br />
Lucio Del Toro*<br />
Jack Bacon<br />
Curtis Woodcock<br />
Kenovan Carter<br />
Bristol Myers<br />
<br />
BEST BEARDS<br />
Chris Baugh<br />
Jason Knutson<br />
Mike Burke*<br />
Marc Chavez<br />
James Gill<br />
Eric Rosen<br />
Chris Holub<br />
<br />
BEST HAIR<br />
Randall Slagle<br />
Alex Calhoun<br />
Jeremy Sylestine<br />
Lucio Del Toro<br />
Yvonne Patton<br />
Katie Sweeten<br />
Eloisa Ontiveros-Gomez<br />
Monica Flores<br />
<br />
SPECIAL AWARDS<br />
Guillermo Gonzales-Negotiated higher appointed fees for lawyers<br />
Charles Popper-Receives the Del Valle visitation award for most frequent visitation of clients.<br />
<br />
The Committee is a highly secretive process.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-29446632694475407232013-02-13T14:14:00.001-08:002013-02-14T14:52:33.188-08:00ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE<div style="text-align: justify;">
WHEN MOTHER NATURE CALLS </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Being charged or investigated for an environmental violation is not only time consuming, but expensive, stressful, and humbling.</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The Travis County District and County Attorney have joint and statewide jurisdiction of all environmental prosecutions at the state level in Texas. Their investigative and prosecution powers extend to civil as well as criminal penalties.</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
On the civil side, the powers of these governmental entities extend to the enforcement of subdivision regulations, stormwater violations, fire code violations, floodplain violations, and nuisances. On the criminal side, violations can be prosecuted under the Health and Safety Code, Transportation Code, or the Texas Water Code, and others.</div>
<br />
The substantive areas covered are WATER, LAND, and AIR.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE--Individuals and non-individuals can be held criminally responsible. Non-individuals include: corporations, LLC's, partnerships, associations, and trusts. Also, facilitators such as those involved in the causing, suffering, permitting, or allowing of the activity.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
PUBLIC NUISANCES/SOLID WASTE--Anything that typically interferes with the use and enjoyment of the land is generally considered a public nuisance. Generally, land conditions such as junked cars, refuse, unsightly, unsafe, or unsanitary conditions will draw the attention of these enforcers. Solid waster regulation usually falls under Health & Safety Code Chapters 361 & 365, 30 Texas Administrative Code 330, and various County Codes. What is the difference? LOCATION, DURATION, & CONDITION!</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Solid Waste can be garbage or litter, Municipal or Industrial. It can be in an unapproved place or disposed of in an unapproved manner. It can depend on how it is processed, stored, transported, or received. It can be prosecuted according to weight or volume. It doesn't matter if the accused didn't dump it, or it was on their own property, or they are recycling it, or they didn't know it was wrong, or they are still using it.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
WATER/AIR POLLUTION--For water, the relevant codes are Texas Water Code Chapters 7 & 26. The Discharge of waste or pollutants can be either permitted or non-permitted. For air, the <a href="http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/HS/pdf/HS.382.pdf" target="_blank">Health & Safety Code Chapter 382</a>, <a href="http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/WA/htm/WA.7.htm#7.177" target="_blank">Texas Water Code 7.177(s)(5)</a> and <a href="http://info.sos.state.tx.us/pls/pub/readtac$ext.ViewTAC?tac_view=4&ti=30&pt=1&ch=101" target="_blank">30 TAC 101</a>, <a href="http://info.sos.state.tx.us/pls/pub/readtac$ext.ViewTAC?tac_view=4&ti=30&pt=1&ch=106" target="_blank">106</a>, <a href="http://info.sos.state.tx.us/pls/pub/readtac$ext.ViewTAC?tac_view=4&ti=30&pt=1&ch=111" target="_blank">111</a> govern. Yes, outdoor burning is governed by these codes, but there are exceptions-What, Why, How, Where, & When.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
What is not proper to burn? Insulation, treated lumber, plastics (non-packaging), non-wood construction and demolition materials, heavy oils, asphaltic materials, potential explosives, chemical wastes, items containing rubber, tires, furniture, and carpet. This can include smoke, fumes, or odors that harm humans, animals, or vegetation.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
CONTAMINANTS-Pb, HAPs, VOCs, PM10, NOx. Permitted? Maybe, for surface coating, food processing, surface preparation, metallurgy.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
CONCLUSION-Mother nature laws can be tough, encompassing, expensive, and time-consuming. My office will diligently pursue a defense to any accusations and fight to minimize any effect on your business or personal exposure to civil or criminal liability.</div>
<br />
<br />Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-40861645008762572082013-01-25T14:27:00.000-08:002013-01-25T20:19:51.322-08:002012 NOTABLES & APPLAUSEAFTER LONG DELIBERATIONS AND DEBATE, THE COMMITTEE VOTES THE TRAVIS COUNTY AWARDS: <br />
<br />
BEST QUOTE OF 2012<br />
<br />
<i>"He ain't no public defender.....he's a public pretender!"</i> -Defendant referring to his court appointed lawyer Ray Espersen<br />
<br />
TRIAL DOGS OF 2012<br />
[For those who went the distance.] <br />
<b>Brad Urrutia</b><br />
Gerry Morris <b></b><br />
Rhett Braniff<b></b><br />
Ray Espersen<br />
Charlie Baird<br />
Amber Bode<br />
Kellie Bailey<br />
Jon Evans<br />
Ariel Payan <br />
<br />
BEST DRESSED MEN<br />
[Those who show style under fire.] <br />
Chris Baugh<br />
Steve Brand<br />
Jim Sawyer<br />
Lucio Del Toro<br />
Novert Morales<br />
Russ Sablatura<br />
Ben Blackburn<br />
Todd Dudley<br />
Jorge Sanchez<br />
Matt Nichols <br />
<br />
WORK HORSE(S) OF THE YEAR<br />
[For those who enable their bosses to take those exotic vacations.] <br />
Robert Smith (Law Offices of David Chambers) <br />
Diana Buss (Law Offices of Morales & Navarete)<br />
Juan Gomez (Law Offices of Morales & Navarete)<br />
Mike Burke (Peek and Toland)<br />
<br />
WORST DRESSED LAWYERS<br />
[Having trouble distinguishing lawyers and clients.]<br />
Anyone who wears bluejeans, tennis shoes, clogs, or sandals.<br />
<br />
BEST NAME FOR A DEFENSE LAWYER<br />
Lucio Del Toro<br />
Rhett Braniff<br />
Sunday Austin<br />
Jack Bacon<br />
Victoria Broussard<br />
Ricardo Maldonado<br />
Curtis Woodcock <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><br /></b>
Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-70276523298254447002012-07-08T15:24:00.001-07:002013-02-14T14:57:57.245-08:00EXONERATIONS<h2 style="background-color: white;">
</h2>
<i>The Past Never Goes Away, Thank Goodness<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></span><span style="background-color: black;"></span></i><br />
<br />
In an excellent article in today's New York Times, the contributing publication <a href="http://www.texastribune.org/" target="_blank">Texas Tribune</a> outlined the 86 exonerations which have been granted in Texas in recent years. By putting a face with most of these tragedies and stories behind them, the Tribune has aided in putting this on the upcoming legislative agenda.<br />
<br />
I have taken a few minutes to break this down by category to try to understand this vexing problem:<br />
<br />
COUNTIES OF EXONERATIONS:<br />
Dallas 37<br />
Harris 13<br />
Travis 7<br />
McLennan 3<br />
Tarrant 3<br />
Montgomery 3<br />
Rains 2<br />
El Paso 2<br />
Lamb 2<br />
Counties with 1 14<br />
<br />
RACE<br />
Black 42<br />
White 28<br />
Hispanic 11<br />
Other or Unknown 5<br />
<br />
GENDER<br />
Male 81<br />
Female 5<br />
<br />
CHARGE<br />
Sex Assault 43<br />
(Including Children)<br />
Murder 32<br />
Robbery 6<br />
Others 5<br />
<br />
SENTENCES<br />
Death 10<br />
Life 33<br />
60-99 7<br />
40-59 12<br />
20-39 14<br />
0-19 7<br />
Probation 1<br />
<br />
REASONS FOR EXONERATION (May be more than one per case)<br />
Post-Conviction Evidence 56<br />
(DNA, Recantation, etc.) <br />
Prosecutorial Mishandling of Evidence 20*<br />
(Withholding, Coercion, etc.)<br />
Faulty Eyewitness Identification 12<br />
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel 6<br />
Use of Inadmissible Evidence 5<br />
False Confession 3<br />
Unreliable Forensic Science 3<br />
Police Misconduct 2<br />
<br />
*The Texas Tribune categorized the admission of another defendant's statement as prosecutorial misconduct. I prefer to label this as an erroneous ruling by the Court. <br />
<br />
For the complete interactive, please go to <a href="http://www.texastribune.org/library/data/texas-wrongful-conviction-explorer/" target="_blank">this link</a>.<br />
<br />Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-36861553925245766762012-04-09T20:31:00.002-07:002012-04-12T06:53:54.694-07:00TOUGH START TO THE NEW YEAR<div style="text-align: justify;">The year has started off busily. Going into 2012, I had the heaviest trial docket in a while. At this point, two cases pled the day of trial (DWI Habitual & Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child), and two went all the way. Here is a quick summary, without revealing privileged info or info that might affect the appeal.</div><br />
<b>STATE V. FAIRCLOTH </b>[Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon Habitual]<br />
Billy Gene Faircloth was accused of striking a woman in the head with a rock shortly after lunch in a downtown Austin parking garage in February 2011. At the time of the assault, passer-bys interrupted the assault, and the assailant scampered away. Mr. Faircloth was corralled two floors above the location. He had blood on his boot (there was substantial blood at the scene), and the rock used as the weapon was recovered. In trial it was revealed that not only was the blood on the boot not the victim, but that the rock contained a third-party DNA. Shockingly, the officers at the scene had put the rock into the boot to store it for evidence, contaminating the rock and it's surface DNA. Moreover, the witnesses and the victim described different clothes on the assailant. However, the clincher for the State was the video of the Defendant running from the scene moments after the assault. Faircloth had been to the penitentiary 4 times and was on parole for a 35 year sentence.<br />
<br />
<b>STATE V. HOWARD</b> [Aggravated Robbery x 2 Habitual]<br />
Kevin Howard was accused of wearing a Dallas Cowboy jersey number 82 (no, I did not subpoena Jason Witten), donning a hat and sunglasses, brandishing a steak knife and robbing the neighborhood convenience store before stabbing the clerk in the chest. Howard was caught a block away by a cop that happened to be in the neighborhood with the money stuffed in his pockets and with the knife which tested positive for the victim's blood. Howard was severely mentally ill yet competent, on Federal parole, and a habitual offender. He had been to the penitentiary 4 times and had a long history of violence. Howard pled guilty in front of the jury and had a three day punishment trial. Eventually, after the facts of the instant case were revealed and the fact he had killed a man when he was 16 (his mother described to the jury how this triggered his eventual schizophrenia even though he was never charged because of self defense) he was sentenced to a substantial term. The jury was quite emotional about Kevin Howard and the path which led him to that point at age 39. One juror told me the experience will be with her awhile. When I saw him after the trial he told me "you did your best". I wish I could have done more.Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-45543175115570787692011-12-13T18:45:00.000-08:002011-12-13T18:50:35.453-08:00TRIALS: Yearly Round-up<div style="text-align: justify;">This year was an amazing year of trials. Dating to December of last year, I participated as first chair in 6 serious Felony jury trials. Three of these trials were in Travis County, three in Williamson County. All currently are on appeal. While I will share a few aspects of these trials with you, I will not share privileged information nor any issue which may affect the appeal(s).</div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><b>STATE v HERNANDEZ</b> [Murder]</div>Travis County/Second Chair- Lucio Del Toro<br />
One aspect of this trial which was different from others, was the extent of the involvement of the Fire Marshall (FM). Since a fire was alleged to be involved in this case, the FM was extensively involved in retrieving videos from the convenience stores (tracking my client), crime scene processing, and overall investigation.<br />
Another unique aspect of the investigation was to what extent my client (and the rest of the public for that matter) could be tracked. Between convenience store videos, toll booth photos and video, and the fact that a Sheriff ran the plate of the auto used by my client at some point and entered it into the system, it goes to show to what extent the public's moves can be tracked.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><b>STATE v GUTIERREZ</b> [Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon Habitual]</div>Travis County/Second Chair- Lucio Del Toro<br />
This case featured my client's mother and two sisters as the primary witnesses <u>against</u> him. Nevertheless, the greatest challenge was to keep the 85 extraneous offenses and bad acts out of the Guilt/Innocence phase in light of the <i>Bass v State</i> case a few years ago. I was successful, but only after avoiding those pitfalls to admissibility in jury selection, opening, and cross-examination. If there was some way I could have devised a way to keep those 4 women from testifying against him in the punishment phase, he may have fared a bit better.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><b>STATE v WILLIAMS</b> [Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon x 2]</div>Williamson County<br />
This particular trial involved a neighborly dispute which escalated in an alleged weapon being pointed at two people. While there is much more to this story than I care to write, suffice to say that this had some extraneous offenses that were hard to keep from admission and with my client insisting on testifying, it made for a tough road.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><b>STATE v RODRIGUEZ</b> [Driving While Intoxicated 3 or more-Habitual]</div>Travis County/Second Chair- Richard Collins<br />
My client was on parole (he received 25 years last time for Driving While Intoxicated-Habitual), there was an accident, and his blood draw was .25 BAC (there were 2, one from the DPS and one from the hospital). He didn't testify, but he did disrupt jury selection because he had to use the restroom really, really bad.<br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><b>STATE v ORTEGA</b> [Driving While Intoxicated 3 or more-Habitual]</div>Williamson County/Second Chair- Ryan Deck<br />
This trial featured another client on parole, charged with his 7th DWI, and another blood draw of .25 BAC. While the officer completely botched the field sobriety tests, the jail phlebotomist admitted that an occasional mopping by the inmate was their version of sanitation, the video of my client narrowly missing that police car proved crucial.<br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><b>STATE v MEDELLIN</b> [Super-Aggravated Assault of a Child x 2]</div>Travis County/Second Chair- Lucio Del Toro<br />
This was the first case in which my preparation went out the window with the very first question, a denial and recantation of a child witness. It was also the first time that a witness was found incompetent to testify. These aspects as well as the modified testimony of the expert (he then had to testify about recantation) made this trial the most unpredictable of all.<br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><i>Trials/Cases on my docket coming up next Spring: </i> Agg Assault Habitual/Driving While Intoxicated Habitual/Agg Assault Habitual/Sexual Assault/Murder/Murder/Capital Murder</div>Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-39773218565343382022011-11-26T09:30:00.000-08:002011-11-26T09:30:51.750-08:00NEWS FROM THE FRONTSOME INVESTIGATORS AND PROSECUTORS often have tunnel vision even <em>after</em> the DNA evidence shows they have the wrong guy. Whether it's ego or intransience to the obvious, these folks are roadblocks to justice. Read the <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/magazine/dna-evidence-lake-county.html?hp">article in the New York Times</a> on this and you will understand. It just might remind you of someone you've dealt with in this profession.<br />
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THE MICHAEL MORTON SAGA continues with scathing editorials in papers from San Marcos to Dallas. Another local blog has compiled some stories worth <a href="http://gritsforbreakfast.blogspot.com/">reading here</a> in it's entry from Nov. 25th.Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109452693309771102.post-2784626288958432962011-11-13T20:13:00.000-08:002011-11-14T05:05:28.222-08:00MONEY LAUNDERING: Hiding in Plain Sight<div style="text-align: justify;">Some years ago, it was an annual ritual to participate in a road trip to Laredo/Nuevo Laredo. Stocking up on fake rolexes, drinking cheap margaritas, and eating authentic Mexican food was standard fare. Generally, it was courthouse personnel, lawyers, and a sprinkling of an occasional judge in attendance. Those days are gone.</div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Last time we all traversed to that part of the country, our usual trek to the Mexican side of the border was met with the sight of young Federales with AK-47s on nearly every other corner. It was a sign that events were unfolding unknown to us under the radar. Our fears were eventually realized in the ensuing months in the form of some highly publicized (and some not so publicized) kidnappings and robberies.</div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Now the New York Times has reported in <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/13/us/a-money-laundering-case-in-laredo-speaks-to-the-fears-of-texas-leaders.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=Money%20Laundering%20Laredo&st=cse">this article</a>, that even more activity was taking place in plain sight under the guise of normal business activity (a perfume salesman making millions!). Whether stings like this make a difference in the big picture, I don't know. But time will tell whether I can ever buy another fake rolex again from my favorite Mexican border town.<br />
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[NOTE: You might be interested to know, that according to the official <a href="http://www.txdps.state.tx.us/crimereports/10/citCh10.pdf">TXDPS statistics</a>, Laredo (pop. 231,000) had 9 homicides reported in 2010, El Paso (pop. 625,000) had 5, and Austin (pop. 796,310) had 38. El Paso had one of the lowest murder rates in the country per capita for cities over 250,000.]</div>Keith T. Lauermanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15172455252048572478noreply@blogger.com